What is the law regarding the payment of federal income taxes?
Although taxpayers are initially given the responsibility of determining the amount of tax they owe by completing and filing the appropriate tax returns, paying income taxes is not voluntary. The requirement to file an income tax return and pay income taxes is clearly stated in the Internal Revenue Code, which imposes a tax on the income of individuals and corporations as well as estates and trusts. Failure to file an income tax return and submit payment of taxes with the return can result in harsh civil and criminal penalties, including fines and even imprisonment.
What are frivolous tax arguments?
Frivolous tax arguments are a group of arguments that are made by taxpayers who oppose compliance with federal tax laws. These arguments indicate that paying federal income taxes is voluntary and that certain categories of individuals are exempt from paying income taxes for reasons that have no merit.
What are the most common types of frivolous tax arguments?
Although frivolous tax arguments can take many forms, they most commonly fall into one of the following categories:
- Paying income tax is voluntary These arguments maintain that the filing of federal income tax returns and the paying of federal income tax is voluntary. They contend that existing laws impose no legal obligation to either pay taxes or file tax returns.
- Certain forms of income are exempt from taxation These arguments assert that certain forms of income are exempt from taxation for a variety of bogus reasons. One of the common variations of this argument is that military retirement pay is excluded from income tax. Other groundless contentions maintain that income from foreign sources is not taxable or that wages and tips received for personal services are not subject to taxation.
- Taxpayer is not a United States Citizen The most common form of this argument is given by an individual who asserts that they are relieved of an obligation to abide by federal tax laws because they have rejected United States citizenship in favor of state citizenship.
- Collection of taxes violates a Constitutional Amendment These arguments assert that the collection of income taxes violates one or more of the amendments of the United States Constitution. Some citizens refuse to pay taxes on the basis of religious or moral grounds that they say are guaranteed by the First Amendment. Others maintain that the payment of income taxes is some form of servitude that is in violation of the Thirteenth Amendment. Another common form of this argument is that federal income taxes represent the confiscation of property, which is prohibited by the Fifth Amendment.
What are the penalties for using a frivolous tax argument?
In order to deter taxpayers from wasting time and resources, the United States Tax Court imposes harsh penalties on individuals who attempt to avoid or delay paying income taxes through the use of groundless or frivolous arguments. In 2006, Congress passed the Tax Relief Health Care Act, which increased the maximum penalty imposed for submitting a frivolous tax return from $500 to $5,000. This amount was increased to $25,000 by an amendment passed in March 2007. In addition to increasing the penalty for submitting a frivolous tax return, this amendment included a list of 40 specific positions that were deemed frivolous by the United States Tax Court.
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